How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

The aviation blockchain market is projected to grow from USD 421 million in 2019 to USD 1,394 million by 2025, at a CAGR of 22.1%.Blockchain technology in the aviation industry has the capability to unify systems for various industries like airlines and other travel industries

 Hello everybody and welcome toanother webcast, Blockchain in Aviation. Today were going to talkabout where this emerging technology called Blockchain is really a vital ingredient tothe digital transformation within aviation and aerospace.

Why this is important for aviation is because within the aviation industry,there is a need to be able to not only visualize real-time data of arts and engines ,in operations,but also to simulate and create dynamic models where we cancreate scenarios,

 what if scenarios around possibly weather issues,it could be maintenance issues,it could be even what were dealing withtoday with COVID-19 in a pandemic state.

So using this technology,it allows us to reach into the physical world.It allows us to bring in things like IoT enabled devices.So, we can create digital twinsof whether it be a part of an airline,so maybe its a seat or maybe its an engine,or maybe is even just a widget on that airplane.It gives us the ability to simulate andobserve these objects in real time.

Now it also will help us create better products at the end,because were going to have new insights.Were not going to have with blocking,we can have this master data around a productwhere we can generate visualizations instead of having to build a physical part itself,we can be inan augmented reality type of session or a virtual reality session,not unlike what we see in other industries like automotive,where we see a virtual Holodeck environment all withinvirtual reality for some ofthe major car manufacturers, and with other customers of ours,where theyre using augmented reality to be able to,within the same design space,be able to hot-swap different types of parts,but also run simulation.

What happens when we turn the button of a jet engine?

What happens to the engine?

What happens if we add a certain level of stress?

The Blockchain provides us the ability tohave rich master data to be able to do this,and provide that connection point into the real-world.Now this is important because there are some real challenges in the aviation space today.

If we look at from the Analyst Community,what we find is that fraudulent and counterfeit,whether it be parts or even software is running rampant.So what we see is from a global impact perspective,$4.2 trillion of impact by 2022.

Thats just a couple of years away.So, theres a significant amount of impact.But also given the lack of manageability around data,because theres just so much of it inso many different places across many different partners,we see that data quality also causesa significant financial impact in this particular industry,upwards of almost $75 billion.

Now the promise of Blockchain is that it can helpincrease the revenue within aviation by up to four percent.Now you might not think four percent is all that much,but it actually equals around $40 billion in USP.

It has material impact,and when we go through with all of you,how do we realize that 40 billion?

What are the things that we need to be able to realize andspecifically, how is Blockchain different than some ofthe other things that weve been using in the past.

Lets go back to basics.So with Blockchain, its all about establishing a shared source of truth.

Its all about havinga data layer that is shared across many companies,not just one company,but to facilitate a ecosystem based approach.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

How we treat data,is different than how we treat data.In a database, its stored on what we call a ledger,where every single transaction is recorded.Theres a variety of different technical techniques that well use here to validate that that data is correct,and well go through that in much more detail later.But the foundational concept here is that,is a write once,read many times ledger.Meaning that, once you write a transaction,you cant modify that transaction.It creates this level of immutability thatprovides full transparency within the ecosystem.

Instead of writing that transaction ona traditional ledger in pencil where you can erase it,were now using permanent ink to place that record.

That provides a simple method,provides a interesting ability for this industry to self-correct,self-audit, and hold each party accountable because you cant change the data, its immutable.So it provides some very rich capabilities justwith that simple technique of using a ledger.

Now like I said, this is using the double ledger technique,which was founded, believe it or not, in the middle ages.This was a form of record keeping that said, Yeah.Its okay that youve got your one ledger that in all pen instead of pencil.

But what if you just go and create another ledger and modify those transactions in ink and provide something fraudulent?

To fix that, how both inthe middle ages and here in modern times using Blockchain,how we fix that is in the same way.We say, look, everyone has the same ledgerand so once we write that transaction in that immutable way,it gets distributed across everyone in the ecosystem.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

Now if there is someone that triesto view a transaction or write a transaction,it makes the footprint ofpenetrations and the scrutiny from a security perspective much higher now,because you dont have to just hack one company, one ledger,but you have that hack five,10 maybe hundreds of ledgers across the ecosystem,and thats what makes this tamper resistant.

Now nothing that is absolutely 100 percent tamper proof.I dont like using that term,but tamper resistant and theresa very low likelihood that this will actually be hacked.So provides some bait in security.Not to mention all the cryptography thatsused natively within Blockchain.

Now when I talked earlier aboutthe self-correcting and how we write transactions,think about if youre familiar with database technologies,the notion of a store procedure that has business logic and datatogether and it validatesthe data very quickly and very efficiently.

When youre in a Blockchain environment,everyone within that ecosystem has issueda smart contract and 

"that smart contract is your agreement not only froma legal perspective on what are the terms and conditions,but also what are the terms and conditions of the data itself?"

As many of you know,what we hear from the analyst community and others is that,upwards of 75 percent of all IT work is integration work.Thats a combination of wiring up systems forthe first time and also reconciling data,fixing data quality issues.Theres a lot baked in there.

This is an enormous amount of cost andtime thats spent in that particular area. 

How Blockchain solves that is it pushes that logic to the edge.When you write the transaction,it doesnt just go into a database to be fixed later,but its validated at the source.That provides an enormous amount of value.So thats the first layer,but the second layer is around consensus.Consensus is essentially, we as an ecosystemagree that this transaction should be written to that immutable ledger,and from a consensus perspective,that can be implemented in a number ofways based on the problem that youre trying to solve.

If youre looking at it from a cryptocurrency perspective,itd be 51 percent of the ecosystem has to agree.If youre looking at something thats much small scale,more in a permission private type of environment.

Maybe its 10 companies working together that all trust each other,those consensus mechanisms are highly simplified,and so youll have to figure out what isthe fit for purpose validation rulesboth at the edge in your small contract and at the source when we talk about writing the transactions to the ledger.Now oftentimes I hear the conversation of well,why dont we just use a database?Can a database do this?

The answer is, yeah, database couldbut Id like to take a small step backand use another way of thinking about this.So weve got lots of different options whenwe think about managing data,about storing data, viewing data.

So if we look at the different tools,youve got tools like Microsoft Excel.Microsoft Excel is great for a person, an individual,someone thats trying to tracksomething that is specific to them or their team.Now, you could use that as database.

You could also use it in an ecosystem.That most certainly happens as well.But the capability starts to break down.It wasnt really built for that.Likewise, with a database,a database was built for individual company.

Weve expanded upon that capability by trading integration technology like enterprise services boxesor web services layers,etc, to be able to integrate into that company view database.But databases really werent built for ecosystem.

Thats really where Blockchain comes in.Blockchain provides some very unique capabilities that is able to address the specific needs of an ecosystem.Capabilities like what we talked about earlier, tamper resistant data.Both handling this in how the protocol is constructed,how the data service technology is architected and how it works,and also using advanced cryptography,using technologies for data anonymization.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

So things like zero-knowledge proofs affects the technologies.But also, just having the ability to say,all these transactions are viewable.So we won't stop you from doing bad things,but just know we will see that you dobad things and we will then now counter legally,or financially, or what have you,now it holds people accountable.Likewise, another very important aspect ofany community or ecosystem is Data Sovereignty,which is a fancy word for saying,what is my data and what is your data?

How do I support taking my data from that particular platformand either keeping itin one particular location, stop the movement,whether it be over geographical borders that we seelike in particular countries in Europe,where they say the data cannot leave this particular geography,or it may be preference of a company,or specific competitive advantage,or for risk management,or many, many other aspects.

Another capability thats baked in,and we alluded to it earlier when we talkedabout what Blockchain is,is this whole peer to peer data collaboration.It used to be whenever we wanted to share data,wed have to do some feed,whether thats a Bolt Data feed that we dovia ETL transaction or a Bolt Data load.

Lots of different ways of doing that.Well have services from both perspectives,isnt very efficient, but definitely can happen.But with Blockchain, highly simplified.You automatically get provisioneda Blockchain node which your data is kept up-to-date in real-time or near real-time.

So it makes the collaboration from a data perspective significantly easier.But also, like we talked about in some of the earlier examples,it allows us to digitize those physical assets.So Blockchain provides tools and techniques to tokenize a asset.So essentially creates a digital representation,and those can manifest themselves asdigital twins and many other forms.So when we look at aviation,so going back to aviation,theres a lot of value for using this type of technology withthese very unique capabilities to unify a very diverse ecosystem.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

By some accounts, some say that there are up to 21,000 independent data points acrossthe aviation and aerospace supply chain.Thats a lot of data points,and thats not counting the number of companies in the individuals,in sensors, etc, that are all plugged into the same ecosystem.So theres lots of interesting challenges,but also, I would pose some really significant opportunities.So David, maybe walk us through, from your perspective,what this aviation digital ecosystem lookslike and how GE Aviation Digital thinks about this. Yeah, absolutely.

So from a aviation industry standpoint, really,I think the goal is to have an ecosystemthat will support all the value stream participants.In order to do that,

Blockchain will be one ofthe complimenting technologies that supports that.But the whole premise and goal aroundthis ecosystem is to use Blockchain to breakdown barriers and to drive collaboration among participants who may not have collaborated much in the past.So it can facilitatereally, a lot of different use cases,part traceability, cash settlement, asset transfer.So its really exciting when we think about reallyhow far weve come to where were at today,which Ill talk about the history on this slide here.I know in the 80s and 90s, really,it was the pre-personal PC days,and folks worked in silos and there was limited data sharingbecause there really wasntthe capability or the infrastructure to do that.Fast forward to the 80s and the 90s,we focus more on process and how can we optimize things tochange paradigms such as Lean and Six Sigma.

Then the 90s and the early 2000 was,okay, we optimized that process,but now lets add outcomes toit so that we know that were gettingthe desired outcome in choosing the best processes to optimize.

So today its interesting because wetake the best of our history and wecan apply that process improvement mindset to technology,and technology is so advanced now that we can link things like people and services, process to functions,and we can have tools to use our Big Data and have ArtificialIntelligence actually make recommendationsfor us of what to do next.So now jumping into reallyour key purpose atGE Aviation around this ecosystem, is that, look,we will build on top of a platform such as Microsoft Azure,and in order to do that,we have the platform focus onthe scaffolding so that at GE Aviation,we can work and reallysolve customer problems versus focusing on the scaffolding.The other piece that we really focus onis the governance side of things.We want our solutions to last the test of time.So were thinking about data standards.So if were building a solution,this customer or internally at GE,we want to think about,what are the data standards that we can actively and actuallyshare so that those technologiescan really achieve economies of scale?So jumping forward to what the industryreally needs to happen to enable this purpose,there really needs to be an ecosystem,where Blockchain is the umbrellathat holds it all together so that you candrive all sorts of unlimited use cases with part traceability,digital document certification, gettingreal-time information so that you can react in the market to that.

But Blockchain is great because its immutable, its real time,its event-driven, and you really buildthe story in real time so you have it at your fingertips.Moving forward, what this would look like,going back to one of our principles andour purpose statement is around,we believe in building this on top ofa platform and by partnering with Microsoft Azure,they provide the foundation inthe first two rows where they have all ofthese great capability around beingable to warehouse your data securely on the Cloud,being able to apply machine learning and bolt on IoT to that.Then what we can do from aviation digital group perspectiveis customize all of that around the needs for our customers,which are largely around part traceability, settling cash,giving our workers in the shop the ability todigitally do their jobs and enter inputs,and then being able to get awayfrom palettes of paper when were transferringan airplane to actually doing it ina digital document certified manner.So what does this kind of look like?Just a quick example of a use case.

Weve spent a lot of time perfecting overthe years in aviation and in the aftermarket,when a part is required to havea full history and lineage ofthat part of where its been around the world,how many miles or cycles its flown.Also having a non incident statementto prove that it wasnt an accident,and then 8130 document which is saying that is airworthy.If any of these documents are missing,any maintenance records or anything else,then that part will become unairworthyand it will basically be taken out of the field.This is an industry problem because of the bare-bones,the backbones of how this is built is based on paper.So the paper is having to follow the partsand theres definitely breakdowns in that process.So there are warehouses aroundthe world that just haveall these orphaned parts that are just awaiting paperwork.So Blockchain, and what it allows us to do is going forward toreally integrate all those documentsin a digital manner, store them securely,give one shared ledger where the repair folks can repair the part,record their input where the part can be shipped in,they can be recorded as an input wherethe FAA can go back and audit that.So Blockchain has really changedthe game as far as from a MRO standpoint.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

Then this is what it would look like.This is where were seeing theres a lot of needaround Blockchain and its mobile app capability.We dont just want this to be a web appthat folks in the office work off of,but what we want this out on the floor with our workers.So an airline, for example,when theyre managing their fleet,and they need to book a shop visit based on a certain amountof miles or cycles that have flown on the engine,they can really do it quickly on a mobile app,send that request into an MRO shop and get their slot booked.Then out on the shop floor,when the MRO shop technician goes inand checks the part list on the engine,they can go, and they can quickly action and say,"Hey, I scrapped this part.Hey, I sent this torepair," and they can also pull up the history.So one of the greatuses that were seeing around Blockchain is justenabling it on the front line and reallyspeeding up and digitizing those analog touchpoints.So now Michael, Ill turn it over to Mike,and hell talk about whats going on in the economy today,and then Ill talk a little bit more about what weredoing from a Blockchain perspectives to combat that. 

Yeah David, thank you.As everyone knows, in the time that we livein right now that were in the pandemic state,and its challenging for everyone.My role at Microsoft is both on the innovation side,but also understanding the economic trends and the social trends.So weve got a COVID-19 task force where we look at markets,and we look at the impact and the trendsand how Microsoft can help,and it may be as simple as helping with licensing.As an example, weve given away forfree Microsoft Teams in education and other industries,but also where we can provideguidance and support for these industries.So global travel, aviation is no different,and the challenge is that this is one of the hardest hit industry.Global travel, for those that dont know,is over $8.8 trillion in direct gross domestic product.Thats almost 10 percent of the worldwide jobs.So thats a big,big hit when everyone has to stay home,and theyre not traveling,theyre not staying in hotels,theyre not flying on airplanes.So it has a tremendous impact,and the Coronavirus or COVID-19 has six times the impact of 9-11.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

Just remembering back then,and I was in banking at the time,having all the planes grounded evenfor a bank cause significant issues.So now were in a much different timeframe.So what that has done is ithas forced us to think outside the box.It has made us rethink how,not, why,or what we should do from a digital strategy perspective,but how do we accelerate our digital strategy to one,address the current pandemic issues,but also, where that customer confidence issues.

We might have all sorts ofunforeseen issue that we may not have known before.Just a few things that were doing tohelp not only consumers that would fly on planes,but also for workers withinfactories or in hospitals or other areas.Weve been partnering with folks like GE Aviation and othersto really build out some compelling technologyto proactively get in front of this,to monitor the workforce,to increase that safety,and so using technologies as simple as a temperature gaugethat is at an entrance to a building or a TSA checkpoint,etc.,

 to wearable devices that can provide not only geo-fencing,but also can provide real-time sensors ina much direct way or particular symptoms, etc.Theres lots of different solutions that we can implement,and these are just a small few that apply towhat were talking about today with Blockchain.

So David, Im going to turn it overto you to talk specifically aboutGE Aviation digitals viewpointon what some of the opportunities are in aviation. Yeah. No. I appreciate it,Mike, and I think that, again,our industry has really been hit likea sledgehammer where its just come to an abrupt halt.Again, we know that the government stepping in andhelping airlines with a $50 billion package.But at the same time,its going to take, 

I think,years for us to work through this,and what were seeing is a lot of innovationof how can we get passengers,restore passenger confidence, and alsoget airline workers back to the front lines.There is really a lot of great technology,as you mentioned before,where, how do we make this seamlessfor the passengers as theyre going through?If theres going to be new screening protocols,such as a temperature scan,how can we do that and not really add a lot oftime to the process as well as whatare the type of IoT devices that we could potentially have thatwould sense temperature as well as Bluetooth.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

Could you enter a personal informationthat youre at risk of COVIDand then not go within six feet of someone who may be a carrier.So again, theres a lot of innovationhappening in this field and we aredirectly entering it in order toreally help our customers get back to work.So the first thing that were doing is weretaking all our focus from Blockchain,really from the use cases we talked about before,and focusing on a COVID pandemic, return to work,a use case where our whole goal would be arounda framework of can we certify people who are the workers?

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

Can we certify the results?Then finally, can we certifywhen they get to work,certify the airplane and certify that its clean.So again, when GE Aviation,when we go to work today,we need a temperature scanand thats a new protocol thats introduced,and were seeing many airlines around the worldintroduce new protocols for screening.I believe Etihad does the temperature,kiosk scan and you enter some systems.Emirates does a blood test and more and more coming out each day.So there are new protocolsthat are coming out ahead of legislation.So the way that wevecome up with this is weve come up with a testdiagnostic Blockchain solution where airline security,for example, the first step would bethat they would actually certify a medical worker.So a medical worker would generate a digital identity,be able to upload their credentials next to that.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

Then they have a digital identity on our app,and the nice thing about that is,is that you took a medical test,a screening protocol test from someone who is credentialed and youcould always go back and prove the authenticity around that test.Now getting the airline workers back to work,the next thing that you woulddo around that is they would need to getchecked at the time that theyre trying to getinto the gate to go to the airline or to their office.So airline workers would have their personal information on them,like a employer badge,ID,

 and then they would be subject to a medical test.So the medical test isimplemented by the certified medical worker.Once that test is done,the medical worker would notarize that,a QR code would be embeddedinto it and then you would have that traceability.So now all of a sudden,youve cleared your workers to go back to workand you can start to restoreconfidence with your customers and your passengers.The next thing is youd want to do from an airline perspectiveis certify all the vendors who are going to be on the plane,cleaning vendors, cooking vendors,mechanics, and the same kind of thing exists there.

Airline security could screen them,could add the medical test clearing protocoland then prove that and keepthat stored on the chain forauthenticity certification and in audit as well.So the first step in our view is we gotto restore customer confidence from the passengers,but weve got to do that by clearing and providing transparencyof how airline workersare screened and how theyre cleared medically.So going forward of what were seeing,again, from more opportunities,theres going to be a big differentiation inthe market of restoring confidence with airlinesare going to start providing some transparency around howtheyre cleaning things or how theyregoing about in reacting to this.

So again, not only clearingyour workers by clearing andshowing that youve sanitized the lavatory,youve sanitized a seat,all of that plays into what wereseeing in this solution were developing at GE too,where people will have a QR code as well as you could scanan object like your seat to prove and see when the vendor,that certified vendor last cleaned it.So how we view this again is that afterall the airline workers have been cleared and certified,then the passenger experience starts.So a passenger basically will get certified,no differently really than what happenstoday where youre a passenger,you enter in your information to buy a ticket andthen youre proving that youre eligible to fly on an airline.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

So at that point, youre certified underthe normal protocol before the health screening.Then you need to be cleared.In order to do that,you would be subject to whatever medical screenthe airline deems fit at that point in time.So whether its a temperature scan or a blood test,but you would be screened and thenyou would own that personal information.That information would also be notarized bythe certified medical workers, so you have that.So now the airline has proof that they have cleared the passengers from identity perspective,and now theyve cleared the passengers from a medical perspective.Finally, what youd want to do 

from the airline perspectiveis that youre going to want to show that on a manifest,all your passengers are cleared,your airplane has been sanitized between flightsand that all your vendors who were onthat plane were certified andcleared medically, and then you can say, "Yep,all of this information added togethershows that we can certify our flight andwe can go back and share those records, and really drivesome transparency into the process andgetting at this level of detail".So this is what weve spent weeks and weeks working on,and were excited to really partner withour customers on the front line or on this Blockchain offering,and we hope its a spark ofinnovation that has come out of this dark times.

So Ill turn it back over to Mike to talka little bit about how Microsofthas really helped us froman ecosystem standpoint and makeall of these ideas and dreams possible. Yeah. Thank you, David. This stuff isnt easy.As most people that have dabbled in this type of technology is,its hard, and the technology part is fairly straightforward.Its fairly easy, especiallyif you are in a Cloud type of environmentwhere there are platforms of service components availableto you that where you dont have to deal with the infrastructure.

But the challenge with Blockchain and buildingthese rich ecosystems is we have to takea small step back and we have to look atthe business problem that were trying to solve.Those are the bigger questions that need to be answered its,what will the lawyers say?What will our business decision maker say?Because were re-wiring our B2B relationships,our business to business relationships.Because when we implement these smart contracts,like we talked about earlier,there is both a legal component,but also there is a data exchange component,and sometimes

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

 those things are intertwined.Its coming up with new agreements and a new way ofexchanging data and ultimately exchanging value.So what starts to come to mind is,how do we think about this 30, 40,50, 60 year old business that weve established anddoes it challenge that model?Does it compliment that model?Or do we need to reinvent that model?So from a Microsoft perspective,what we thought long and hard about is how dowe help customers think about this?

How do we help break down the complexities ofthis challenge in more consumable and more straightforward way,so that we dont get it into this analysis paralysis stage,that we are moving forward in a very agile and nimble type of way.So thats why we have created the Ecosystem Strategy Playbook,which really starts off with what do you want to be when you grow?What does this ecosystem look like?Where do you start,and operationally where will you end up?

So we built out this rich set of collateral,but ultimately a methodology on how to think about this.Im not going to go through this ina whole lot of detail because we donthave the requisites multiple hours to to be able to go through it.But at a high level,it really come down to three major steps.

First, its envisioning.If we were talking maybe five or 10 years ago,wed say we go straight to business requirements,getting a bunch analyst together,and lets just go figure this thing out.But here, as more and more things go digital,its forcing a rethink.The very first stage here is to one,understand what is going on in the market,both from a economic perspective,from a business perspective,from a political perspective,but also from a technology perspective.What new tools areavailable to us that werent available to us before?

blockchain in aviation

What new market conditions are goingto potentially disrupt our business model,and how do we get in front of that?Its challenging the status quo.Its always been in the mindsetof we dont know what we dont know.Now through this is we want to make sure that as wereenvisioning that we are pulling towards things that are realistic,that are implementable, that makes sense.For most decision makers, myself included,I need to have something tangible that I can touch and feel.Even if thats virtually,I need to be able to see what this looks like.Another part of this in envisioning stage is reallythe continuous development ofprototypes to prove out or disapprove a theory.Oftentimes its more important to figure out what doesnt work,

so we can start to little down to what is going to work.Another component of this as were buildingthese prototypes is ideation.Bringing together a diverse set of players withinyour company and outside of your companytogether to envision the state of possible. Itsimportant when we think about this, its unconstrained ideation.Thinking about this more from a design thinking perspective,thinking about what isthe experience we want to create for our customer?

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

A customer could bethe absolute end customer thats buying a product or service.It could be the people thatare maintaining that products and service.It could be people in the back office.We think of everyone as a customer of this technology.Taking that step back,and having a level headand bringing together all the different points of viewprovides us with a rich set ofdata that we can bring into the second major stage,which is validating andpossibly rewriting our strategyon how we use these types of technology.

That ideation and understanding the market trendsis a prerequisite for us to validate that yes,were on the right track with our strategy,or if were going to create a new ecosystemto prove out what is the business case here.How should we think about warming this from a legal perspective?Should this be a non-profit?Should this be our paper?Should this be a cooperative or a joint venture?There is no right or wrong answer here.Its based on what sort of outcomes do you want to achieve.In the strategy phase its to one,rationalize what the current strategyis if it hasnt already been rationalized,

and the unfortunate sad reality is,if you believe folks like Gartner,theyll say that only seven percent ofcompanies worldwide actually have their strategy written down.Oftentimes, this is a vital step that we go throughis to rationalize what we think the strategy is,and what were doing, and where we should be going to.Second, to model what we think that the ecosystem looks like.Very similar as we would do forany other business function where wemight create a Business Model Canvas,we want to do the same thing for ecosystem.Who are the participants?Who are the players that are going to be creating value?Whos going to be consuming value?What is their relationship?What are any sort of restrictions around this?

Whos going to operate this ecosystem?Another part of this, which is really,really important is we want to be able to do some risk modeling,we want to be able to access and scenarioplan within this ecosystem what could go wrong.Where could there be an issue.What weve really seen flagthese more modern ecosystems has been things around data privacy,security, intellectual property rights.Those have all been challenges that werent thought of initially,and as a result,there was downstream issues.Thats something we want to stay in front of.Lastly, we want to create a design a blueprint or the strategy wherewe do have the operating model andthe associated governance around the ecosystem itself.Its one thing to build a strategy,and a purpose, and the business models,etc, 

but we also need to understand what are the guidelines?What are the rails that we have to stay onfor this to function appropriately,not only from a legal and regulatory perspective,but also for the intent and the principle behind this ecosystem.Very similar to what you heard earlier from David mentioned aroundthe GE Aviation digital philosophyaround how the aviation ecosystem should run.The third major stage is really about gettinginto the deep architecture for your ecosystem.

This is making some of the hard choicesaround what ledger technology should we pick.Based on those technologies that you pick,there are business andtechnical ramifications based on the path that you can go down.The level of permissionless of a Blockchain,whether its fully permissioned,whether is partially permissioned, whether its permissionless.There are many, manydifferent options here on how we can architect this,that will have downstream impacts.

But also when you think about this,and Im going to transition here tothe next slide because this really fitsin to an example timeline and roadmap,is that youre not going to get to your desired state overnight.These things are usually a journey,especially when youre talking about bringingtogether many, many different organizations.It requires a village,and so being pragmaticabout how we build these is really, really important.When we look at building these out but,theres really four major stages.

How Blockchain technology can improve the Aviation industry maintenance |

There is the envisioning phase that we talked about,this is where in a low impact perspectiveto your organization that you can either haveit just your company or maybe one or two other companieswhere you start to kick the tires andideate around what makes sense,and what doesnt make sense.Out of that, youre going to have some prototypes,youre going to have a minimum viable product.Thats when we go into more of the strategy information period,and this is where we get more serious.

The first stage is, Hey Blockchain is kind of cool".We may be able to do some interesting things.Lets test out the legitimacy of this technology.Lets test out if this is really going to beviable for our business.As we go into that strategy information,now we know that the technology is legitimate,and its going to add value to our business.

Now its about establishing agreements withlike-minded companies that would be some ofthe initial founders of this ecosystem.Theres definitelysome different types of procedural things youlldo from a engagement in a legal perspective.As an example, you might enter intoa MOU agreement with a set ofparticipants because you wantto make sure that your IP is your IP.If this doesnt work out in the strategy information period,you can walk away, and no harm, no foul.During this period is where we search to form whatis the initial to be state of this ecosystem?First stage, envision A, will this work?Second, is what does this actually look like?

Then the third stage is in that architect and incubate,this is where we do more the controlled rollout.This is the early adopter period.Again, theres this hard line between strategy information,and architect, and incubate that is were now serious about this.We have the QB architecture that is built,weve got the base platform,and we rolled people onto this platform.As you move forward in these stages,as you go to the fourth stage,the platform gets further and further locked down.Your ability to customize and tweak is muchgreater at the beginning, towards the end.Thats the type of flexibility thatwe want to built into all of this.Thats just an example.

• blockchain aviation maintenance

If you liked what we talked about,and this is of interest to you,especially in the aviation world.US Blockchain lead for GE Aviation Digital Group..Thank you for joining us today.  Thank you very much, and have a great day

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